Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park

The Black Canyon of the Gunnison was first brought to wider attention by explorers in the mid-19th century, including Captain John W. Gunnison, after whom the river and canyon were named.

Early settlers and surveyors were struck by the canyon’s steep cliffs and dramatic landscapes, often describing it as nearly impassable.

Conservation efforts began in the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of the area as a national monument in 1933 under President Herbert Hoover. In 1999, Congress officially designated it as a national park, recognizing its extraordinary geological features and ecological importance. This transition reflected a growing commitment to preserving its landscapes for future generations.

Long before European explorers arrived, the canyon and surrounding lands were home to Indigenous peoples, including the Ute Tribe. The canyon’s cliffs, river, and ecosystems were integral to their cultural identity, traditions, and survival. For the Utes, the canyon was a place of both spiritual reverence and natural sustenance, providing resources for hunting, gathering, and ceremony.

Today, the National Park Service acknowledges this cultural heritage and the continued connection Indigenous communities maintain with the land. Visitors are encouraged to reflect on the deep-rooted history of the canyon and its enduring significance to Native peoples.

One of the most notable chapters in the canyon’s history came in 1901, when surveyors conducted a daring expedition to chart the Gunnison River for potential water diversion projects. The treacherous journey highlighted the canyon’s extreme terrain and reinforced its reputation as one of the most formidable landscapes in North America.

Another key milestone occurred with the construction of the Gunnison Tunnel in 1909, which became one of the first major water diversion projects in the West, providing irrigation for the Uncompahgre Valley. This engineering achievement underscored both the challenges and opportunities presented by the Gunnison River. Together, these events shaped the region’s historical narrative and its recognition as a place of natural and cultural importance.